Nanoseed-assisted rapid formation of ultrathin ZnO nanorods for efficient room temperature NO2 detection

The influence of ZnO nanoseeds on the formation of ZnO nanorods from ε-Zn(OH)₂ in NaOH solution at 80 °C was investigated, using ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter of 4–10 nm as the seeds. The experimental results indicated that the presence of ZnO nanoseeds promoted the rapid heterogeneous formation of ultrathin ZnO nanorods. Compared with the ZnO submicron rods with a diameter of 0.5–1.0 µm, the ultrathin ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 10–15 nm were found to be more sensitive for detecting NO₂ at room temperature owing to their higher variation of channel conduction to the diameter.     

Lifetime estimation for IGBT modules in wind turbine power converter system considering ambient temperature

Power semiconductors in the wind turbine power converter system suffer from two-scale thermal loadings, the fundamental frequency thermal cycling caused by the output frequency of converter and the low frequency thermal cycling due to the variation of long-term wind speed. These two-scale thermal loadings introduce different consumed lifetimes. Accurate lifetime estimation in the wind power application is desired for reliability prediction and health management. This paper adopts the Bayerer lifetime model to evaluate the consumed lifetime of power semiconductors in wind power converter systems based on a numerical junction temperature calculation method. Lifetime estimation can be improved by taking into account the ambient temperature. Studies show that fluctuations of the ambient temperature increase the consumed lifetime due to the low frequency thermal cycling, but have little effect on the consumed lifetime due to the fundamental frequency thermal cycling. Our results also show that the consumed lifetime due to fundamental frequency thermal cycling mainly falls on the high wind speed area, whereas the consumed lifetime due to low frequency thermal cycling is clustered in the area due to large low frequency junction temperature fluctuations. The resulting distribution characteristics can be used in the thermal management for reliability improvement.     

High triplet,bipolar polymeric hosts for highly efficient solution-processed blue phosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes

Two polymeric hosts PCzTPP and PCzTPPO with twisted geometrical configurations for blue phosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PhPLEDs) were designed and synthesized by incorporating electron-accepting carbazole units with electron-donating TPP/TPPO groups. This molecular design endows PCzTPP and PCzTPPO with high glass transition temperatures of 204 °C and 215 °C, high triplet energies of 2.72 eV and bipolar features. In addition, the HOMO and LUMO of these polymers matched well with the HOMO of the hole-transport layer and the Fermi level of cathode compared with PVK, which facilitated the injection of holes and electrons. PCzTPP- and PCzTPPO-based single-emissive-layer blue PhPLEDs were fabricated with simplified device configuration by solution process using FIrpic as a dopant. These devices exhibited lower turn on voltages (<8 V) than PVK-based devices (12 V). The maximum luminances of PCzTPP- and PCzTPPO-based devices were twofold and threefold that of PVK-based devices, and the maximum current efficiencies were nearly threefold and ninefold, respectively. Moreover, PCzTPPO-based solution processed blue PhPLEDs with improved configuration showed maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 14.5 cd/A and 6.6%, respectively.     

Effect of nano-Al2O3 reinforcement on the microstructure and reliability of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joints

Nanoparticle reinforced lead-free solder has previously been studied by several investigators, but few studies have evaluated its reliability. In this study, resistor chip (RC) micro joints were soldered using nano-Al₂O₃ particle reinforced Sn–Ag–Cu solder paste. The microstructure and reliability of RC micro joints having different nano-Al₂O₃ contents (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%) were investigated in detail. More than 40 solder joints for each condition were made and examined in order to achieve reliable data. The results indicated that nano-Al₂O₃ particles refined the β-Sn grain size and enlarged the eutectic area of the micro solder joints. Those nanoparticles also reduced the IMC thickness of the Ni-solder and Cu-solder interfaces. Those effects can be attributed to the poor-wetting behavior of nano-Al₂O₃ particles. The nano-Al₂O₃ reinforcement mainly enhanced the reliability of the micro solder joints, but did not affect the strength of as-soldered joints obviously. The improvement of reliability was proportional to the nano-Al₂O₃ content. The microstructure and fracture analysis indicated that the reinforcement and stability of Ni-IMC and Cu-IMC interfaces accounted for better reliability.     

Flux effect on void quantity and size in soldered joints

This article is focused on both macro and microvoids in soldered joints and the use of additional flux to reduce their frequency and minimize their negative effect on the soldered joint reliability. In total five fluxes were used, three were gel based (NC559, MTV-125R, TSF-6516) and two of them were liquid based (Topnik G-5, JBC FL-15). They were used within two solder pastes, both lead and lead-free. The reflow process was identical for all of the combinations and was within the range of manufacturer recommended profiles. The amount of voids was evaluated using X-ray analysis. It was found that the use of increased amount of proper flux, specifically flux with higher activity, in the solder paste may significantly lower the void occurrence.     

基于光纤倏逝波传感器的磷酸根离子检测

提出了利用光纤倏逝波传感器通过光吸收方法来测量溶液中磷酸根离子浓度的新方法。将通信用标准单模光纤（SMF）局部腐蚀到接近芯层后放入不同浓度的磷钼蓝溶液中,当以磷钼蓝光吸收峰值为探测光波长时,光纤表面的倏逝波会部分被溶液吸收,通过测量光纤输出光强来计算溶液中的磷酸根离子浓度。实验结果表明,磷钼蓝溶液中磷浓度为0．04～O...     

2.4GHz全集成CMOS Doherty功率放大器

采用0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并制作了一个2.4 GHz全集成CMOS Doherty功率放大器.着重考虑了片上螺旋电感的回流路径对电感模型的影响,并在设计中使用了一种新颖的螺旋电感版图结构来避免回流路径的影响.实测结果表明该功率放大器增益达到16dB,1dB压缩点为20.5dBm,峰值输出功率和对应功率附加效率分别为21.2dBm和20.4％,整个芯片面积为2.8mm×1.7mm.     

基于连续识别的嵌入式孤立词识别系统

基于线性网络的孤立词识别系统识别时间与词表规模成正比,识别性能严重受限于词表的规模.根据汉语孤立词特点,提出了一种基于连续识别的大词表孤立词识别系统.该系统围绕嵌入式识别所关注的速度和内存消耗性能,采用先实现应用多级搜索、定点化策略的连续识别,再对连续识别的识别结果进行音字转换处理的方法,将连续语音识别应用于大词表孤立...     

SiGe HBT MEXTRAM模型参数的直接提取

提出了一种锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT)MEXTRAM集约模型参数的直接提取方法。该方法通过有效地区分各种器件物理效应对器件性能的影响,无需电路仿真器,就能够提取器件的模型参数,简便实用。通过提取实验制备的SiGe HBT器件的整套MEXTRAM模型参数,仿真曲线与测试数据吻合良好,证实了该方法的精确性和有效性。     

基于多相子载波生成和高增益射频振荡器的高数据率超宽带调频发射机

描述了高数据率超宽带调频(FM-UWB)发射机的系统结构和电路设计.该发射机采用内含8相环形振荡器的有限模小数分频型锁相环(PLL)生成频率键控正弦波信号,以降低子载波频率和噪声.该环形振荡器输出的差分正弦波信号直接调制高增益射频(RF)环形振荡器,生成带宽为2 GHz且满足UWB频谱掩膜的信号.在65 nm TSMC...